Well Completion overview || petroleum engineering || petroleumbuddy

Well Completion:

Well completion refers to the process of finishing a well so that it is ready to produce hydrocarbon , this process generally includes -

1. Strengthening   the well ( casing ).
2. Evaluating the pressure and temp of the formation.
3. Installing the proper equipment to ensures the efficient flow of fluid in the well.

Different factors consider during well completion

1. Reservoir Parameters:- Permeability, lithology of the formation, pressure, temperature, depth, no of zones.
2. Operating Requirement:- What types of operation you need ? example:- Gas lift, Equipment , ESP, Sand Control etc.
3. Operating fluid condition:- You should also consider operating fluid condition such as paraffin/wax separation. If your crude have paraffin then we have to take some separating method. Example of paraffin separation methods are hot oil circulate method. 
4. Work-over method and frequency:- How frequency we used work over and how we perform work over performance. 
5. Environment: Offshore equipment different, equipment is different and depend on environment.

Completion Fluid (Well Completion) :- 

After well completion we use completion fluid to improve well productivity by reducing damage to the production zones and they can help prepare, repair,  clean out and completed well-bore during the completion phase. Completion fluid is a solid free liquid used to complete and oil or gas well. 

A solid free liquid used to complete an oil or gas well. The fluid is placed in the well to facilitated final operation prior to initial of production such as setting screen production liner packer, down hole valves or shooting perforating into the producing zones. The fluid is means to control a well should down hole hardware fail without damaging the producing formation or completion component. 

Completion is are generally brine ( chloride, bromides ) but theory could be any fluid of proper density and flow characteristics. The fluid is chemically compatible with the reservoir formation fluid and is typically filtered to a high degree to avoid introducing solids to the near well bore. 

Seldom is a regular completion fluid due to its solid content PH and ionic composition drill in the fluid can in some case be suitable for both purpose.

Well Completion Different Types

There are Five types well completion. These are 

1. Open hole competition 
2. Cased hole completion 
3. Liner Completion
4. Tubing less completion
5. Multiple Completion

1. Open Hole Completion

In open hole completion are 1. Full diameter is available for flow, 2.  No perforation is required and Hole can be easily depended or it can be converted to liner completion , 3. High productivity can be maintain when sand control and 4. Facilitated ultra short radius and multiple radial completion

But the disadvantage of open hole completion are:-

• No way to regulate fluid.
• Cannot control gas or water production effectively. 
• Difficult to selectively stimulation producing intervals.
• wellbore may be required periodic clean-out.

2. Cased Hole Completion

In cased hole completion are 1. Selective completion or work over operation are possible in the producing interval., 2. Can effectively control gas and water production. 3. Can effectively control and monitor zonal fluid production. 4. It permit multiple completion. , 5. Can depend but with smaller hole and 6. Can be adopted in the sand control method. 

But disadvantage of casing hole completion are -

• Long interval perforation much more expensive.
• Effective well bore diameter and productivity may be reduced ( Available blow area is less).
• Have to do production.
• Good cement job through production interval is required.
• Material cost is more.

3. Liner Completion  

Liner may or may not be cemented. This type of completion is primarily applied to sand control. It is used to reduce the cost of casing .

Liner completion is used in open hole completion.

4. Tubing less completion 

Here is no production tubing so we can not use production tubing to produce from multiple pay zone.

so we use small 3 conduit crude oil from different pay zone. Conduit is a small pipeline through which fluid can flow.

Tubing less completion are 1. Simplest completion operation. 2. Individual zones controls, 3. Completion is separately done., 4. Well work-over operation don't   required and shutting of the other producing intervals., and 5. No need for large casing through the producing intervals.

But there are also available disadvantages 

• There is a frequent stress changes in the tubular because of frequent stress change pressure and temperature fluctuation.
• Excellence Cement Job Required.
• Difficult And Expansive perforation procedure or perforation method.

5. Multiple Completion

In certain cases multiple cases multiple completion may provides best control of reservoir operation multiple completion include the -

• Tubing casing dual
• Dual tubing string 
• The typical triple completion

The more complex the completion, the more trouble can expect in both completion operation and in subsequent work-over operation.

Multiple completion should be consider only in special situations, these situation in  includes areas where drilling cost is very high, where the area allocated for the drilling well is at premium. Such areas includes offshore areas, Highly populated areas and remote land location.

Advantages of multiple completion 

The main advantages of multiple completion is that two or more reservoir can be simultaneously produced from single well bore. If all gas properly, the economics of using multiple completion can be attractive however operation and work over cost is quite high. These operational factor must be considered during multiple completion.

Notes:- We collected this data from different university notes and research. Some information are collected from schlumberger , slide share and google.

Articles written and collected by:-

Ritu Raj Medhi

Founder & President 

Chief technical & editorial officer

PetroleumBuddy Initiative 

 

 

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